A comparative study of aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment. Aerobic treatments are usually preferred, however it is best to use an anaerobic treatment when dealing with highly concentrated wastewater. Pdf aerobic and anaerobic sewage biodegradable processes. Aerobic and anaerobic sewage biodegradable processes. Treatment of sewage water from industries or domestic becomes very crucial in present days. This article will provide an approachable introduction to anaerobic treatment, and help to clarify how it works and why its used. In the aerobic process, air is circulated throughout a treatment in order to cause bacteria that break down waste within the wastewater. Environmental protection agency wastewater technology. Aerobic biological water treatment aerobic treatment is often used as a secondary treatment process and follows an anaerobic stage.
There are two types of biological waste water treatments namely aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic waste water treatment. Wats wastewater aerobicanaerobic transformations in. In this book, it is shown that the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket uasb reactor is rightfully the most applied fullscale system, because it has a superior treatment efficiency and can be operated at a shorter retention time than other modern anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. While anaerobic treatment systems may take a variety of forms, they generally include some form of bioreactor or repository capable of maintaining the oxygenfree environment needed to support the process of anaerobic digestion. This process is popular because it is able to stabilize the water with little biomass production. Volume 1 wastewater characteristics, treatment and disposal presents an integrated view of water quality and wastewater treatment, analysing wastewater characteristics. The benefits of anaerobic digestion of food waste at. How does the biological wastewater treatment process work. Anaerobic process an overview sciencedirect topics. Anaerobic treatment occurs in many different stages. Also known as anaerobic digestion ad, anaerobic treatment is an energyefficient process in which microorganisms transform organic matter in the wastewater into biogas in the absence of oxygen. These systems allow industrial processors to meet even the strictest environmental requirements so that wastewater can be discharged safely. Aerobic treatment can be as simple as the septic tank. To achieve this oxygenfree environment, the entry of air into anaerobic tanks is prevented, typically by a gastight cover.
Aerobic digesters anaerobic digesters purpose of digestion stabilize solids minimize odors. The process reduces the amount of material and produces biogas, which can be used as an energy source. Aerobic biological treatment process biological wastewater. This particular article focuses on anaerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment is a process where wastewater or material is broken down by microorganisms without the aid of dissolved oxygen. Aerobic treatment consists of activated sludge processes or aerated pond. An introduction to anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. One key difference between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment is the process by which the treatment mechanisms work. Biological nitrogen and cod removal of nutrientrich. Zhang 2016 anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater in a uasbdigester system. Anaerobic wastewater treatment is a type of biological treatment where anaerobic microorganisms are used to break down and remove organic contaminants from wastewater. Mar 02, 2019 biological treatment process that occurs in absence of oxygen is called anaerobic process. Trevino quiroga abstract waste stabilization ponds wsp have been used worldwide over the last 50 years for municipal and industrial wastewater. For treating sewageindustrial effluent for their organic impurities generally aerobic biological treatment is used.
A focus on anaerobic treatment there are 2 major types of systems used for wastewater treatment. Anaerobic digestion is commonly used to treat sludges in the first areas of a wastewater treatment plant. Colour removal in the anaerobic aerobic textile wastewater treatment process. Nov 02, 2017 aerobic wastewater treatment takes many forms, but fundamentally its a biological process widely used in the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewater, particularly waste streams high in organic or biodegradable content. In contrast to anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment is generally characterised by high operational costs energy, while a very large fraction of the waste is converted to another type of waste sludge. The major process used worldwide is activated sludge process. The boundary between the aerobic and anaerobic zones. This paper aims to compare the efficiency of aerobic and anaerobic reactors in achieving nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand cod removal of nutrientrich wastewater. As in the aerobic, activated sludge systems, these biosolids can be added continuously or in semibatches, whereupon they are mixed in the bioreactor. Sep 26, 2015 forced air from an air blower or compressor is mixed with the wastewater, where the aerobic bacteria feed on the waste in the water and reproduce. Aerobic treatment of wastewater and aerobic treatment units buchanan and seabloom page 2 growth, any unit that maintains saturated and aerobic conditions is generally referred to as an atu the acronym for aerobic treatment unit. A preliminary study on nitrogen and organic removal efficiency of a labscale system using aerobic and anaerobic reactors was performed. Waste water containing biodegradable organics dissolved and or suspended when subjected to anaerobic treatment, the organics undergo various biochemical reactions. Anaerobic methods of waste water treatment sant longowal institute of engineering and technology depertment of food technology longowal,sangrur,148106 submitted to submitted by dr.
It is quite rare to see, and it is based upon the idea that the particles in any sludge are gradually falling within the liquid they are in. Most anaerobic processes start out the same way as aerobic respiration, but they stop partway through the pathway because the oxygen is not available for it to finish the aerobic respiration process, or they join with another molecule that is not oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Both aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment systems are currently in. This is because anaerobic treatment is preferred when the dissolved organic concentrations of untreated wastewater are high. Mccarty associate professor of sanitary engineering stanford university the anaerobic process is in many ways ideal for waste treatment. The key difference between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment is that in aerobic wastewater treatment, treatment tanks are constantly supplied with oxygen while, in anaerobic wastewater. An anaerobic system can be used for pretreatment prior to discharging to a municipal wastewater treatment plant or before polishing in an aerobic process. This study compares the performance of a pilotscale two stages upflow anaerobic sludge blanket tsuasb to that of activated sludge configuration asc for the treatment of municipal sewage. Difference between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment.
Direct anaerobic treatment in the main line of a wastewater treatment plant is a promising way of recovering chemical energy, even in moderate climates. Aerobic wastewater treatment systems use oxygenfeeding bacteria, protozoa, and other specialty microbes to clean water as opposed to anaerobic systems that do not need oxygen. Anaerobic wastewater treatment, process performance and optimization article pdf available in journal chemical society of pakistan 351. Some systems utilize a pretreatment stage prior to the main treatment processes, as well as more treatment and sanitizing prior to release into the environment. Training material on anaerobic wastewater treatment version 3, december 16th, 2008 martin. Anaerobic treatment using contact anaerobic systems is an effective treatment method for treating high strength wastewater containing a large amount of organic materials high bod5. Aerobic treatment in a conventional activated sludge process yields about 50% or more new sludge from the cod. Sep, 2016 anaerobic methods of waste water treatment v. The conventional anaerobic treatment process consists of a reactor containing waste and biosolids sludge containing large microbial populations. Thus, anaerobic wastewater treatment process occurs without an oxygen supply. The activated sludge process consists of converting the suspended and particulate organic matter in the raw waste water into harmless end products and new cells growth with the help of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies are gaining attention of policymakers and industries for meeting the required pollution guidelines laid down by the regulators of the countries and conservation of natural resources. The primary focus of this section is use of atus as an engineered, highrate wastewater treatment process. Anaerobic aerobic sequencing of activated sludge, i.
These systems optimize the naturally occurring process of microbial decomposition to break down industrial wastewater contaminants. Practice is associated to the direct application of the concepts for conception, design and operation. This process begins with the wastewater entering through the bottom of the reactor. Anaerobic microorganisms digest the organic materials, in the. Although aerobic systems require higher amounts of energy for aeration and produce more sludge than anaerobic systems, they play a necessary role in the wastewater treatment train. The key difference between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment is that in aerobic wastewater treatment, treatment tanks are constantly supplied with oxygen while, in anaerobic wastewater treatment, gaseous oxygen is prevented from entering into the system. Eippcb, reference document on bat in common waste water and waste gas treatment management systems in the chemical sector, draft february 2009 revision upon release. Through the process the methane can be recovered and inactivation of pathogens can be achieved. Major biological treatment processes used for wastewater. Ad is often used to treat warm industrial wastewater, and the process offers several benefits over aerobic treatment, including lower energy requirements, less chemicals, and less sludge production. Anaerobic treatment anaerobic treatment is a process where.
For concentrated industrial wastewater aerobic treatment is a substitute to the slower anaerobic. Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic. It is an aerobic biological process that utilizes microorganisms such as bacteria, and protozoa for the decomposition of organic matter. These aerobic bacteria then break down the waste within the wastewater. Similarly nitrogen remains unchanged during anaerobic treatment. Anaerobic wastewater purification techniques can be fully automated, as can aerobic wastewater purification techniques. The process is also feasible for treatment of domestic wastewater with temperatures as low as 14160 c and likely even lower. Wastewater treatment, low cost technology, uasb, waste stabilization pond, trickling filter. What is anaerobic wastewater treatment and how does it work.
Here microorganism biodegrade the organic material and. Activated sludge activated sludge is a type of secondary treatment whose primary role is to remove most of the dissolved solids remaining in the waste stream after. Anaerobic processes use substantially less energy, require less chemicals, and incur lower sludge handling costs compared to aerobic treatment. Difference between aerobic and anaerobic wastewater. Anaerobic treatment principle that it is not anaerobic or aerobic treatment, but a combination of the two types of the technologies that give an optimum configuration for those wastewater treatment applications where the organic impurities are at a relatively higher concentration. Aug 11, 2017 key difference aerobic vs anaerobic wastewater treatment proper wastewater treatment is an important requirement to prevent waterborne diseases and maintain a healthy environment for organisms. A treatment process which involves microbes or living organisms is named. Conventional treatment of dairy wastewater involves aerobic processes, since fats, lactose and proteins are all easily degraded by bacterial populations samkutty et al. A simulated wastewater containing elevated levels of nitrogen was used.
Nitrification requires aerobic conditions do as an electron acceptor 3. Theory is considered essential for the understanding of the working principles of wastewater treatment. Compared to conventional aerobic treatment systems the anaerobic treatment process merely offers advantages. Basic biological nitrogen removal configuration anoxic aerobic nitrate recycle return activated sludge effluent tn wastewater treatment 1. Pdf sustainability of wastewater treatment in subtropical. In some cases, anaerobic processes are used for the. Chapter 5 anoxic and anaerobic systems anaerobic and anoxic treatment processes are characterized by the absence of free oxygen from the treatment process. Waste stabilization ponds for waste water treatment. Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally, in the absence of oxygen, as bacteria break down organic materials and produce biogas. The waste water treatment system has been accepted and. Solid wastes that the bacteria are unable to process settle out as sludge. Environmental protection agency wastewater technology fact sheet anaerobic lagoons description an anaerobic lagoon is a deep impoundment, essentially free of dissolved oxygen, that promotes anaerobic conditions. This particular article focuses on aerobic treatment. Biological wastewater treatment anaerobic and aerobic digestion reactors takes advantage of the ability of certain microorganisms including bacteria to assimilate organic matter and nutrients dissolved in the water for their own growth, thus removing soluble components in the water.
Aerobic treatment in a conventional activated sludge process yields about 50% or more new sludge from the cod converted, which requires further treatment. Anaerobic treatment is the focus of a companion article written by ebs. In this chapter, the student will gain an understanding at. Anaerobic wastewater treatment is carried out by anaerobic microorganisms. Training material on anaerobic wastewater treatment. The natural conditions of each aerobic and anaerobic however have provided specific characteristics either suitable or not in the wastewater treatment process. Activated sludge process for wastewater treatment anaerobic. Anaerobic processes use substantially less energy, require less chemicals, and incur lower sludge handling costs compared to aerobic treatment options. With the work of young and mccarty in the year 1969, application of anaerobic process for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters has gradually increased in. Anaerobic waste treatment fundamentals 1 12perry l. Chapter 16 anaerobic wastewater treatment tu delft. Introduction anaerobic treatment is an energy generating process, in contrast to aerobic systems that generally demand a high energy input for aeration purposes. Aerobic treatment in a conventional activated sludge process yields about 50% or more new sludge from the cod converted, which requires further treatment, e.
A large number of technologies have been developed to achieve pollutant removal from wastewater. In this article you will learn about the anaerobic treatment of waste water. Aerobic treatment is the focus of a companion article written by ebs. These systems optimize the naturally occurring process of microbial decomposition to break down industrial wastewater contaminants so they can be removed. Many of the aerobic treatment systems described in other sections of this report utilize anoxic or anaerobic stages to accomplish specific treatment objectives.
Aerobic digestion reactors for biological wastewater treatment. An overview of applications mustafa evren ersahin, hale ozgun, recep kaan dereli and izzet ozturk istanbul technical university, turkey 1. Wats wastewater aerobicanaerobic transformations in sewers mike eco lab model. However, anaerobic bacteria can and will use oxygen that is found in the oxides introduced into the system or they can obtain it from organic material within the wastewater.
A focus on aerobic treatment in aerated stabilization basins asbs there are 2 major types of systems used for wastewater treatment. Anaerobic wastewater treatment is a biological process where microorganisms degrade organic contaminants in. Some aerobic treatment systems include a secondary settling tank to facilitate this settling process. Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment systems pdf. Pdf anaerobic wastewater treatment, process performance. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor is a singletank anaerobic treatment, which means it takes place in one tank. Food and agricultural wastewater sometimes falls into this category of wastewater streams such as blood water or stickwater.
Aerobic processes use bacteria that require oxygen, so air is circulated throughout the treatment tank. Biological treatment aspactivated sludge process, trickling filter, rbc. Aerobic digestion advantages the process is easy to control, easy startup. Wastewater treatment works wwtw, more commonly referred to as sewage. The process typically takes place in deep earthen basins, and such ponds are used as anaerobic pretreatment systems. The most widely employed method for sludge treatment is anaerobic digestion. Aerobic treatment is an effective alternative for removing odor. It has several significant advantages over other available methods and is almost certainly assured of increased usage in the future. Biological treatment process that occurs in absence of oxygen is called anaerobic process. Aerobic wastewater treatment takes many forms, but fundamentally its a biological process widely used in the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewater, particularly waste streams high in organic or biodegradable content. The carbonenergy flow principles of aerobic and anaerobic bioconversion largely affect the set up of the.
The wats mike eco lab template supports investigations of the risk of formation of hydrogen sulphide in sewerage systems and for assessing various mitigation options. The activated sludge process is one of the biological method of industrial waste waste treatment. The reactions are broadly classified as hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis. The upward flow anaerobic sludge blanket or uasb process is a specialist use of anaerobic digestion wastewater treatment. Panesar fet vishal naggft1410 deptt of biotechnology.
514 957 1528 838 818 683 232 10 150 1187 1229 210 682 1538 1372 1052 247 1453 1296 1205 37 221 495 1439 582 311 1568 1227 1185 327 405 696 1154 894 101